Anuradhapura

The history of Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka's ancient capital, is rich and multifaceted. Established around the 4th century BCE by King Pandukabhaya, it became a significant center of political, economic, and cultural activity in the region.

Anuradhapura flourished as a hub of Buddhism after the conversion of King Devanampiya Tissa in the 3rd century BCE. The city saw the construction of numerous monasteries, stupas, and other religious structures, making it a vital pilgrimage site for Buddhists. The sacred Bodhi tree, believed to be a descendant of the original tree under which the Buddha attained enlightenment, was brought to Anuradhapura during this period and became a focal point of veneration.

The city reached its zenith during the reign of King Dutugemunu in the 2nd century BCE. His victory over the South Indian invaders solidified Anuradhapura's position as the dominant power in the region. Under Dutugemunu's patronage, monumental stupas and other architectural wonders, including the Ruwanwelisaya and Jetavanaramaya, were constructed, showcasing the city's prosperity and architectural prowess.

Anuradhapura's decline began in the 10th century CE, marked by repeated invasions from South India, internal conflicts, and the shifting of political capitals. By the 11th century CE, the capital had moved to Polonnaruwa, and Anuradhapura was gradually abandoned, eventually becoming overgrown and lost to the jungle.

Today, Anuradhapura stands as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, with its sprawling ruins serving as a testament to its glorious past. Pilgrims, historians, and tourists alike visit the site to marvel at its ancient stupas, monasteries, and irrigation systems, offering a glimpse into Sri Lanka's rich cultural heritage and spiritual legacy.